Brother-Paul
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Allow me to share a part of some reading I have, the source of the text is included below.
It is a small segment from a book I purchased some time ago, but never managed to get time to read it.
Here we look at the different categories or types of the law, there is nothing vegetarian on the menu, enjoy
Rabbi Jimmie your comments are most welcome
Remaining with the New Testament
>>>
νόμος (nomos). n. masc. law, principle, custom.
Can refer to the law of Moses as a text or as a system.
The word nomos is the usual Septuagint translation of תּוֹרָה (tôrâ, “law”) as well as of the much less frequent דָּת (dāt; both Hebrew and Aramaic).
In the NT, it sometimes clearly refers to a set of writings (typically consisting of the books attributed to Moses) that stands alongside “the Prophets”
Matthew 11:13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.
John 1:45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
Acts 3:15 And killed the Prince of life, whom God hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses.
Romans 3:21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;
or “the Prophets and Psalms”
Luke 24:44 And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.
occasionally, the law (nomos) appears to refer to the whole OT, as in
John 15:25 But this cometh to pass, that the word might be fulfilled that is written in their law, They hated me without a cause.
where a quotation from a psalm is attributed to the law (nomos).
More often, the sense seems to be the legal system set up by the Mosaic covenant.
In the Gospels, Mary and Joseph raise Jesus according to the law (nomo...)
Luke 2:22-24
22 And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;
23 (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord
24 And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
Luke 2:27
And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
Luke 2:39nomos
And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.
and Jesus presents himself as fulfilling the law (nomos), not negating it
Matt 5:17–18
17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
In the NT, nomos rarely, if ever, refers to a specific regulation.
>>>
ἐντολή (entolē). n. fem. commandment.
Unlike nomos, entolē indicates a specific commandment, whether in the law or outside of it.
In the Septuagint, entolē is the usual translation of מִצְוָה (miṣwâ, “commandment”), as well as of the much less frequent פִקּוּד (piqqûd, “precept”).
In the NT, nomos and entolē are sometimes roughly synonymous
Rom 7:12
Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.
but while nomos, like the Hebrew תּוֹרָה (tôrâ), is typically the “law” as a whole, entolē, like the Hebrew miṣwâ, indicates a specific commandment
Matt 5:18–19
18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, TILL ALL IS FULFILLED.
19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven:
but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
Heb 9:19
For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people,
In some cases the Ten Commandments are in view
Mark 10:19
Thou knowest the commandments,
Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother.
Rom 13:9
For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt LOVE thy neighbour as thyself.
Eph 6:2
Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise;
Jesus declares loving God and loving neighbor to be the greatest commandments (entolē...)
Mark 12:28–31
28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
30 And thou shalt LOVE the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.
31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt LOVE thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
and the writings attributed to the Apostle John frequently identify Jesus’ commandment (entolē) to his followers as the command to LOVE one another
John 13:34
A new commandment I give unto you, That ye LOVE one another; as I have LOVED you, that ye also LOVE one another.
John 15:10–13
10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall ABIDE in MY LOVE; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and ABIDE in his LOVE.
11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.
12 This is my commandment, That ye LOVE one another, as I have LOVED you.
13 Greater LOVE hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
1 John 3:22–24
22 And whatsoever we ask, we receive of him, because we keep his commandments, and do those things that are pleasing in his sight.
23 And this is his commandment, That we should BELIEVE on the name of his Son Jesus Christ, and LOVE one another, as he gave us commandment.
24 And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in him. And hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath given us.
2 John 4–6
4 I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth, as we have received a commandment from the Father.
5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we LOVE one another.
6 And this is LOVE, that we walk after his commandments.
This is the commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk in it.
Outside the Synoptic Gospels, entolē is not necessarily tied to Mosaic law but can indicate injunctions of all types
John 11:57
4 I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth, as we have received a commandment from the Father.
5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we LOVE one another.
6 And this is LOVE, that we walk after his commandments.
This is the commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk in it.
Acts 17:15
And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed, they departed.
Col 4:10entolē, “commandment”
Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him
>>>
ἐντέλλομαι (entellomai). vb. to command, enjoin.
This verb refers to commanding someone to do something and is used in the NT mostly to indicate the issuing of divine commands.
This verb is related to the noun ἐντολή (entolē, “commandment”) and means “to command.”
It is the usual Septuagint translation of Hebrew צָוָה (ṣāwâ, “to command”).
In the NT, it is sometimes used in reference to the issuing of OT commandments:
God (Heb 9:20)
saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you
and
Moses (Matt 19:7)
They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?
Moses (Mark 10:3)
And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you?
Moses (John 8:5)
Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?
commanded (entellomai) specific things in the law of Moses,
while Acts describes Isaiah’s prophecy that Jews be a light to Gentiles as something “the Lord has commanded (entellomai) us”
Acts 13:47
For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.
The verb is often used to indicate Jesus commanding (entellomai) his disciples
Matt 17:9
And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead.
Matt 28:20
Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
Acts 1:2
Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:
and in the temptation narrative Satan quotes
Psa 91:11
For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.
where God commands (entellomai) his angels
Matt 4:6
And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
Luke 4:10
Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
In John’s Gospel, God commands (entellomai) Jesus
John 14:31
But that the world may know that I LOVE the Father; and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.
and Jesus in turn commands (entellomai) his disciples to LOVE
John 15:14, 17
14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.
17 These things I command you, that ye LOVE one another.
Only twice in the NT does entellomai take a subject other than God, Jesus, or Moses.
It is used of a master commanding (entellomai) a doorkeeper
Mark 13:34
For the Son of Man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his work, and commanded the porter to watch.
and of Joseph giving direction (entellomai) about his bones
Heb 11:22
By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones.
>>>
δικαίωμα (dikaiōma). n. neut. regulation, requirement, righteous deed.
This word can refer either to legal requirements or to righteous deeds.
In the Septuagint, dikaiōma is sometimes used to translate several Hebrew words for commandments or regulations, including חֹק (ḥōq, “statute”) and both מִשְׁפָט (mišpāṭ, “judgment”).
In the NT, it sometimes refers to the regulations of the law of Moses e.g.
Luke 1:6
And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
Rom 2:26
Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?
Heb 9:1
Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.
while at other times it refers to righteous deeds
Rom 5:8
But God commendeth his LOVE toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
Rev 19:8
And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.
>>>
νομικός (nomikos). adj. relating to or learned in the law.
Although an adjective in form, the term mostly is used as a substantive meaning “lawyer,” particularly an expert in the Jewish law.
This word is related to nomos. In general nomikos is a term Luke uses to refer to the Jewish party specializing in the law
Luke 7:30
But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him.
Luke 10:25
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?
Luke 14:3
And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?
Matthew also uses it once in this sense
Matt 22:35
Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying,
This group was also called “teachers of the law” - νομοδιδάσκαλος, nomodidaskalos
Luke 5:17
And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every town of Galilee, and Judaea, and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was present to heal them.
Acts 5:34
Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space;
similar to Pharisees and scribes but not identical with them
Luke 11:37–54 (Please read from the link)
The adjectival sense occurs in
Titus 3:9
But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain.
which directs Titus to avoid legal (nomikos) disputes, and a few verses later Zenas is called a lawyer (nomikos...)
Titus 3:13
Bring Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them.
with apparently no negative connotation.
>>>
νομιμῶς (nomimōs). adv. according to the law, lawfully.
Describes an action as being done in proper accord with the law.
This word is related to (nomos. It is used with positive connotations to indicate “lawfully” or “in the proper way”
1 Tim 1:8
But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully;
2 Tim 2:5
And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.
>>>
ἔννομος (ennomos). adj. legal, customary; within the law.
In the NT, the sense is of a “regular” or “lawful” assembly and the jurisdiction of Mosaic Torah.
This word is related to nomos. It is used only twice in the NT.
In Acts 19:39
But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly.
it probably describes a “regular” or “customary” assembly, in contrast to one that is specially called. It is possible that ennomos means “lawful,” though, as opposed to a mob-like gathering.
In 1 Corinthians 9:21
To them that are without law, as without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to Christ,) that I might gain them that are without law.
it has the sense of being “under the jurisdiction” (ennomos) of Christ, which is contrasted with being under the Mosaic law and with being lawless.
TIMOTHY A. GABRIELSON
Gabrielson, T. A. (2014). Law. D. Mangum, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, & R. Hurst (Eds.), Lexham Theological Wordbook. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.
It is a small segment from a book I purchased some time ago, but never managed to get time to read it.
Here we look at the different categories or types of the law, there is nothing vegetarian on the menu, enjoy
Rabbi Jimmie your comments are most welcome
Remaining with the New Testament
>>>
νόμος (nomos). n. masc. law, principle, custom.
Can refer to the law of Moses as a text or as a system.
The word nomos is the usual Septuagint translation of תּוֹרָה (tôrâ, “law”) as well as of the much less frequent דָּת (dāt; both Hebrew and Aramaic).
In the NT, it sometimes clearly refers to a set of writings (typically consisting of the books attributed to Moses) that stands alongside “the Prophets”
Matthew 11:13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.
John 1:45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
Acts 3:15 And killed the Prince of life, whom God hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses.
Romans 3:21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;
or “the Prophets and Psalms”
Luke 24:44 And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.
occasionally, the law (nomos) appears to refer to the whole OT, as in
John 15:25 But this cometh to pass, that the word might be fulfilled that is written in their law, They hated me without a cause.
where a quotation from a psalm is attributed to the law (nomos).
More often, the sense seems to be the legal system set up by the Mosaic covenant.
In the Gospels, Mary and Joseph raise Jesus according to the law (nomo...)
Luke 2:22-24
22 And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;
23 (As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord
24 And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
Luke 2:27
And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
Luke 2:39nomos
And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.
and Jesus presents himself as fulfilling the law (nomos), not negating it
Matt 5:17–18
17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
In the NT, nomos rarely, if ever, refers to a specific regulation.
>>>
ἐντολή (entolē). n. fem. commandment.
Unlike nomos, entolē indicates a specific commandment, whether in the law or outside of it.
In the Septuagint, entolē is the usual translation of מִצְוָה (miṣwâ, “commandment”), as well as of the much less frequent פִקּוּד (piqqûd, “precept”).
In the NT, nomos and entolē are sometimes roughly synonymous
Rom 7:12
Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.
but while nomos, like the Hebrew תּוֹרָה (tôrâ), is typically the “law” as a whole, entolē, like the Hebrew miṣwâ, indicates a specific commandment
Matt 5:18–19
18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, TILL ALL IS FULFILLED.
19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven:
but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
Heb 9:19
For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people,
In some cases the Ten Commandments are in view
Mark 10:19
Thou knowest the commandments,
Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother.
Rom 13:9
For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt LOVE thy neighbour as thyself.
Eph 6:2
Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise;
Jesus declares loving God and loving neighbor to be the greatest commandments (entolē...)
Mark 12:28–31
28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
30 And thou shalt LOVE the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.
31 And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt LOVE thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
and the writings attributed to the Apostle John frequently identify Jesus’ commandment (entolē) to his followers as the command to LOVE one another
John 13:34
A new commandment I give unto you, That ye LOVE one another; as I have LOVED you, that ye also LOVE one another.
John 15:10–13
10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall ABIDE in MY LOVE; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and ABIDE in his LOVE.
11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.
12 This is my commandment, That ye LOVE one another, as I have LOVED you.
13 Greater LOVE hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
1 John 3:22–24
22 And whatsoever we ask, we receive of him, because we keep his commandments, and do those things that are pleasing in his sight.
23 And this is his commandment, That we should BELIEVE on the name of his Son Jesus Christ, and LOVE one another, as he gave us commandment.
24 And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in him. And hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath given us.
2 John 4–6
4 I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth, as we have received a commandment from the Father.
5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we LOVE one another.
6 And this is LOVE, that we walk after his commandments.
This is the commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk in it.
Outside the Synoptic Gospels, entolē is not necessarily tied to Mosaic law but can indicate injunctions of all types
John 11:57
4 I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth, as we have received a commandment from the Father.
5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we LOVE one another.
6 And this is LOVE, that we walk after his commandments.
This is the commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk in it.
Acts 17:15
And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed, they departed.
Col 4:10entolē, “commandment”
Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him
>>>
ἐντέλλομαι (entellomai). vb. to command, enjoin.
This verb refers to commanding someone to do something and is used in the NT mostly to indicate the issuing of divine commands.
This verb is related to the noun ἐντολή (entolē, “commandment”) and means “to command.”
It is the usual Septuagint translation of Hebrew צָוָה (ṣāwâ, “to command”).
In the NT, it is sometimes used in reference to the issuing of OT commandments:
God (Heb 9:20)
saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you
and
Moses (Matt 19:7)
They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?
Moses (Mark 10:3)
And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you?
Moses (John 8:5)
Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?
commanded (entellomai) specific things in the law of Moses,
while Acts describes Isaiah’s prophecy that Jews be a light to Gentiles as something “the Lord has commanded (entellomai) us”
Acts 13:47
For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.
The verb is often used to indicate Jesus commanding (entellomai) his disciples
Matt 17:9
And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead.
Matt 28:20
Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
Acts 1:2
Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:
and in the temptation narrative Satan quotes
Psa 91:11
For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.
where God commands (entellomai) his angels
Matt 4:6
And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
Luke 4:10
Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
In John’s Gospel, God commands (entellomai) Jesus
John 14:31
But that the world may know that I LOVE the Father; and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.
and Jesus in turn commands (entellomai) his disciples to LOVE
John 15:14, 17
14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.
17 These things I command you, that ye LOVE one another.
Only twice in the NT does entellomai take a subject other than God, Jesus, or Moses.
It is used of a master commanding (entellomai) a doorkeeper
Mark 13:34
For the Son of Man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his work, and commanded the porter to watch.
and of Joseph giving direction (entellomai) about his bones
Heb 11:22
By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones.
>>>
δικαίωμα (dikaiōma). n. neut. regulation, requirement, righteous deed.
This word can refer either to legal requirements or to righteous deeds.
In the Septuagint, dikaiōma is sometimes used to translate several Hebrew words for commandments or regulations, including חֹק (ḥōq, “statute”) and both מִשְׁפָט (mišpāṭ, “judgment”).
In the NT, it sometimes refers to the regulations of the law of Moses e.g.
Luke 1:6
And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
Rom 2:26
Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?
Heb 9:1
Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.
while at other times it refers to righteous deeds
Rom 5:8
But God commendeth his LOVE toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
Rev 19:8
And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.
>>>
νομικός (nomikos). adj. relating to or learned in the law.
Although an adjective in form, the term mostly is used as a substantive meaning “lawyer,” particularly an expert in the Jewish law.
This word is related to nomos. In general nomikos is a term Luke uses to refer to the Jewish party specializing in the law
Luke 7:30
But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him.
Luke 10:25
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?
Luke 14:3
And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?
Matthew also uses it once in this sense
Matt 22:35
Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying,
This group was also called “teachers of the law” - νομοδιδάσκαλος, nomodidaskalos
Luke 5:17
And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every town of Galilee, and Judaea, and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was present to heal them.
Acts 5:34
Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space;
similar to Pharisees and scribes but not identical with them
Luke 11:37–54 (Please read from the link)
The adjectival sense occurs in
Titus 3:9
But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain.
which directs Titus to avoid legal (nomikos) disputes, and a few verses later Zenas is called a lawyer (nomikos...)
Titus 3:13
Bring Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them.
with apparently no negative connotation.
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νομιμῶς (nomimōs). adv. according to the law, lawfully.
Describes an action as being done in proper accord with the law.
This word is related to (nomos. It is used with positive connotations to indicate “lawfully” or “in the proper way”
1 Tim 1:8
But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully;
2 Tim 2:5
And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.
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ἔννομος (ennomos). adj. legal, customary; within the law.
In the NT, the sense is of a “regular” or “lawful” assembly and the jurisdiction of Mosaic Torah.
This word is related to nomos. It is used only twice in the NT.
In Acts 19:39
But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly.
it probably describes a “regular” or “customary” assembly, in contrast to one that is specially called. It is possible that ennomos means “lawful,” though, as opposed to a mob-like gathering.
In 1 Corinthians 9:21
To them that are without law, as without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to Christ,) that I might gain them that are without law.
it has the sense of being “under the jurisdiction” (ennomos) of Christ, which is contrasted with being under the Mosaic law and with being lawless.
TIMOTHY A. GABRIELSON
Gabrielson, T. A. (2014). Law. D. Mangum, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, & R. Hurst (Eds.), Lexham Theological Wordbook. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.
