The 70 AD Problem
There's a view held by some Christians - not the majority, but more common than you might think - that all biblical prophecy was fulfilled in 70 AD when the Romans destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. This view is called preterism, and it's closely related to amillennialism - the belief that there is no future literal thousand-year reign of Christ.
According to this view, everything in Revelation and Matthew 24 already happened. The tribulation is past. The antichrist already came. Jesus already returned - spiritually. We're living in the kingdom now. There's nothing left to look forward to except death and eternity.
This ties into the previous chapter on New Jerusalem - if everything is "spiritual," then the kingdom is spiritual, Jesus' reign is spiritual, and the New Jerusalem is just a symbol. But as we'll see, the 70 AD view has some serious problems.
What DID Happen in 70 AD
Let's be clear: something significant DID happen in 70 AD. The Romans, under General Titus, besieged Jerusalem and destroyed the temple. This was devastating for the Jewish people. The temple - the center of their worship - was reduced to rubble. You can still see the ruins and the Western Wall today.
Jesus prophesied this destruction: "Do you not see all these things? Assuredly, I say to you, not one stone shall be left here upon another, that shall not be thrown down" (Matthew 24:2).
That prophecy was fulfilled. The temple was destroyed. I don't deny it.
But preterists go much further. They claim that EVERYTHING Jesus prophesied in Matthew 24 - and everything in Revelation - was fulfilled in 70 AD. That's where the problems begin.
The Nero Problem
Many preterists claim that Nero was the antichrist and that he committed the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel.
There's just one problem: Nero died in 68 AD.
The temple was destroyed in 70 AD - two years AFTER Nero was already dead. Nero never went to Jerusalem. Nero didn't destroy anything. Nero didn't stand in the holy place. He was dead.
Some preterists use Hebrew gematria to make "Nero Caesar" equal 666. But Revelation was written in Greek, to Greek-speaking churches. You have to transliterate to Hebrew AND use a variant spelling to make the math work. That's quite a stretch.
The Titus Problem
If not Nero, what about Titus? He's the one who actually destroyed the temple.
But Daniel's prophecy of the abomination of desolation has a specific timeline:
"From the time that the daily sacrifice is taken away, and the abomination of desolation is set up, there shall be one thousand two hundred and ninety days" (Daniel 12:11).
That's 1,290 days - roughly three and a half years. The abomination must STAND in the holy place for this period.
But the temple in 70 AD was destroyed within about 180 days - six months at most. You can't have an abomination standing in the holy place for 1,290 days if the building is rubble after 180 days.
The math doesn't work. Titus couldn't have fulfilled Daniel's prophecy because the temple wasn't there long enough.
The Man of Lawlessness
Paul describes the antichrist in 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4:
"Let no one deceive you by any means; for that Day will not come unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God or that is worshiped, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God."
Did Titus sit in the temple claiming to be God? No. Did Titus exalt himself above all gods? No. Titus destroyed the temple - he didn't sit in it proclaiming himself deity. There was no temple left to sit in.
For Daniel's prophecy and Paul's prophecy to be fulfilled, you need a temple that stands for three and a half years while the man of lawlessness sits in it. That didn't happen in 70 AD.
What About Antiochus Epiphanes?
Some point to Antiochus Epiphanes, who desecrated the temple in 168-167 BC. He set up an altar to Zeus, sacrificed a pig on the altar, and forbade Jewish worship. This is well documented in Jewish history and the books of Maccabees.
That WAS an abomination of desolation - no dispute. But it happened about 200 years BEFORE Jesus spoke.
In Matthew 24:15, Jesus said: "Therefore when you SEE the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place..."
"When you SEE" - future tense. Jesus was pointing forward to something yet to come, not backward to Antiochus. Antiochus was a type, a foreshadowing. The ultimate fulfillment is still future.
The Gospel Problem
Jesus said: "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come" (Matthew 24:14).
Was the gospel preached to ALL nations by 70 AD?
The Americas hadn't been discovered. Australia hadn't been discovered. Most of Asia hadn't been reached. Paul was still writing letters trying to GET to places like Spain. The gospel hadn't even fully spread through the known Roman world yet.
"All the world" and "all nations" clearly wasn't accomplished by 70 AD.
The Tribulation Problem
Jesus said: "For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be" (Matthew 24:21).
The worst tribulation EVER - past or future. Nothing will ever be worse.
Was 70 AD the worst tribulation in human history? Estimates suggest about one million Jews were killed. That's terrible. But consider:
World War II: 70-85 million dead.
The Holocaust alone: 6 million Jews murdered - there weren't even 6 million Jews in Jerusalem in 70 AD.
World War I, the Black Plague, the Mongol conquests - all killed more people than 70 AD.
If 70 AD was "the worst tribulation that ever will be," then World War II couldn't have happened. The Holocaust couldn't have happened. But they did.
Either Jesus was wrong (not an option), or 70 AD wasn't THE great tribulation.
The Second Coming Problem
This is the biggest problem of all.
"For as the lightning comes from the east and flashes to the west, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be... Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And He will send His angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together His elect from the four winds" (Matthew 24:27, 30-31).
Did this happen in 70 AD?
Did lightning flash from east to west that everyone saw? Did the sign of the Son of Man appear in heaven? Did all tribes of the earth mourn? Did everyone SEE Jesus coming on clouds with power and great glory? Did angels gather the elect with a great trumpet sound?
Revelation 1:7 says: "Behold, He is coming with clouds, and every eye will see Him."
EVERY eye. Did every eye see Him in 70 AD? The people in China? Africa? The Americas? The whole world just missed the Second Coming?
Not one historian - Roman, Jewish, or Christian - wrote "Jesus came back today." If Jesus returned in 70 AD, somebody should have noticed.
The Rapture Problem
"Then two men will be in the field: one will be taken and one left. Two women will be grinding at the mill: one will be taken and one left" (Matthew 24:40-41).
If this happened in 70 AD - where did the people go? Who was taken? Why didn't anyone notice their coworker disappeared? "Hey, I was grinding grain with Mary this morning and she just vanished!"
There are no records of mass disappearances in 70 AD. No Roman records. No Jewish records. No Christian records. The silence is deafening.
And here's the implication: if Jesus already came back and gathered His elect in 70 AD, then everyone waiting for the rapture now - you missed it. Sorry. The "blessed hope" was for first century believers only. Every Christian since 70 AD is too late.
That's not the gospel. The gospel includes a living hope that Jesus is coming back FOR US.
The Dating Problem
Preterists need Revelation to be written BEFORE 70 AD for their theory to work. If Revelation was written after 70 AD, then it can't be describing 70 AD as fulfilled prophecy.
The traditional dating of Revelation is 90-96 AD, during Domitian's reign. The early church father Irenaeus, writing around 180 AD, said John received the vision "toward the end of Domitian's reign." That's 20+ years after 70 AD.
Preterists argue for an earlier date because they have to. But even if you grant them early dating, the events still didn't happen as described.
And what about the early church fathers who wrote AFTER 70 AD? Clement, Ignatius, Polycarp, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus - they all continued to write about the second coming as FUTURE. If Jesus already came back in 70 AD, why didn't THEY know about it? They were closer to the event than we are.
"This happened a hundred years ago and we missed it?" The early church kept looking forward. That tells you something.
The Millennium Problem
If we're living in the millennial reign of Christ right now, as amillennialists claim, consider what Scripture says about that reign:
Satan is bound for 1,000 years:
"He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years" (Revelation 20:2).
Is Satan bound right now? Peter says "Your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour" (1 Peter 5:8). That doesn't sound bound. Does the world look like Satan is locked up and unable to deceive the nations?
Jesus rules with a rod of iron:
Four passages say Jesus will rule with a rod of iron: Psalm 2:9, Revelation 2:27, Revelation 12:5, and Revelation 19:15. A rod of iron BREAKS things. It SHATTERS like pottery. It doesn't tolerate opposition.
If Jesus is ruling with a rod of iron right now, why are there Hindu temples? Muslim mosques? Buddhist shrines? Satanic lodges? Atheist conventions? Open rebellion against God everywhere you look?
A rod of iron isn't fluffy and marshmallowy. When Jesus rules with a rod of iron, opposition will be crushed, not tolerated.
Jesus reigning from Jerusalem:
If Jesus is reigning on earth right now - where is He? I want to go see Him. What's the address? Can I book a flight?
The "spiritual" escape hatch won't work. If you have to spiritualize everything to make your theory fit, maybe your theory is wrong.
Conclusion
Did something happen in 70 AD? Yes - the temple was destroyed, just as Jesus prophesied.
Did EVERYTHING happen in 70 AD? No. The math doesn't work. The history doesn't work. The prophecies weren't fulfilled.
Nero was dead before 70 AD. The temple didn't stand long enough for Daniel's timeline. The gospel hadn't reached all nations. 70 AD wasn't the worst tribulation ever. Jesus didn't visibly return. No one was taken. The early church fathers kept looking forward.
Satan isn't bound. Jesus isn't ruling with a rod of iron. Other religions flourish. The world doesn't look like we're in the millennium.
The preterist/amillennialist view requires spiritualizing everything that didn't literally happen. But at some point, if nothing means what it says, why did God bother saying it?
The second coming of Christ is still future. The tribulation is still future. The millennium is still future. The gathering of the elect is still future.
We have a blessed hope - that Jesus is coming back, for us, visibly, and every eye will see Him.
Be a Berean. Don't let anyone take that hope from you.