CNN: Why is the environment on Mars so hostile?
ZW: The fundamental thing is to understand that humans evolved on Earth, and Mars just lacks a lot of the stuff that we have on Earth. It’s about 40% gravity and we know that humans in microgravity have all sorts of major problems, and what happens at 40% we just don’t know.
The soil is laden in perchlorate, which is known to cause hormone disruption. We actually don’t have a lot of data on prolonged exposure to high levels of this stuff, because why would we? But presumably it’s not great for developing humans.
You have an extremely thin atmosphere. Essentially that means you cannot go outside without a pressure suit. The atmosphere is nevertheless powerful enough to whip up worldwide dust storms and also large, localized ones. There is also this stuff called regolith, which has jagged stone and glass, all that is hurling around, which is bad for equipment, bad for humans. Also, if you’re intending to use solar power, you better have a really good backup system, and you’re going to have to spend a huge amount of time maintaining it.
Also, if you’re anywhere near the surface, you’re exposed to high levels of radiation, because the Martian atmosphere is so thin, and because Mars is only very weakly magnetic, it doesn’t have a very powerful magnetosphere like the Earth has.
KW: Mars, on average, is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away, which means there is always going to be a communication delay: (at least) three minutes, and sometimes as much as 22 to 24 minutes. So if there is an emergency, you can never make a live call to physicians back on Earth.
ZW: The fundamental thing is to understand that humans evolved on Earth, and Mars just lacks a lot of the stuff that we have on Earth. It’s about 40% gravity and we know that humans in microgravity have all sorts of major problems, and what happens at 40% we just don’t know.
The soil is laden in perchlorate, which is known to cause hormone disruption. We actually don’t have a lot of data on prolonged exposure to high levels of this stuff, because why would we? But presumably it’s not great for developing humans.
You have an extremely thin atmosphere. Essentially that means you cannot go outside without a pressure suit. The atmosphere is nevertheless powerful enough to whip up worldwide dust storms and also large, localized ones. There is also this stuff called regolith, which has jagged stone and glass, all that is hurling around, which is bad for equipment, bad for humans. Also, if you’re intending to use solar power, you better have a really good backup system, and you’re going to have to spend a huge amount of time maintaining it.
Also, if you’re anywhere near the surface, you’re exposed to high levels of radiation, because the Martian atmosphere is so thin, and because Mars is only very weakly magnetic, it doesn’t have a very powerful magnetosphere like the Earth has.
KW: Mars, on average, is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away, which means there is always going to be a communication delay: (at least) three minutes, and sometimes as much as 22 to 24 minutes. So if there is an emergency, you can never make a live call to physicians back on Earth.