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Excommunication
If we cannot judge one another, then how are we to excommunicate other brothers when they do contrary to God's Will? In order to excommunicate another, one must pass judgment according to God's Will. Here are some verses on how we must pass judgment and carry out the sentence of excommunication:
Matthew 18:15-17, "Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican."
Romans 16:17-18, "Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them. For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple."
1 Timothy 6:3-5, "If any man teach otherwise, and consent not to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness; He is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, Perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself."
2 Timothy 3:2-5, "For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, Traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away."
1 Corinthians 5:9-13, "I wrote unto you in an epistle not to company with fornicators: Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world. But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat. For what have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not ye judge them that are within? But them that are without God judgeth. Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person."
Commentary on 1 Corinthians 5:9-13
As we see, Paul did not command us wholly to abstain from intercourse with worldly men, for that would require us to retire from the world. It is not the will of God that good men should retire from the world to avoid its evils; nor is that the way to become more holy, useful, or happy. Our duty is to communicate with the wicked, for the purpose of doing them good. It is important to notice that Paul did not give directions concerning our conduct towards the heathen, but towards our brothers. This is very important.
Paul is saying here that we may transact our worldly concerns with someone that knows not God, and makes no profession of Christ, whatever his character may be; but we must not even acknowledge a man professing Christ, who is evil in his conduct. Let him have this extra mark of your abhorrence of all sin; and let the world see that the assembly of God does not tolerate iniquity.
Paul says, "For what have I to do to judge them also that are without?" The term without signified those who were not members of the Christ's assembly, and in this sense it is "those that are without." In other words, "Does it belong to me to pass sentence on those which are without -- which are not members of the Christ's assembly? By no means. Pass ye sentence on them which are within -- which are members of the Christ's assembly: those which are without -- which are not members of the Christ's assembly, God will pass sentence on, in that way in which he generally deals with the heathen world."
Paul also says, "But put ye away the evil from among yourselves." Those who are false brethren ought to be cast out of the congregation. As for those who are outside of it, they must be left to the judgment of God. If members of the Christ's assembly continue in evil, sin, and unrighteousness, their good, the good of the Christ's assembly, and the honor of Christ require that they should be excluded from it.
When Paul said, "For what have I to do to judge them also that are without", it was not Paul's business, nor ours, to judge those without; hence the rule just given is not one to regulate our intercourse with them.
When Paul said, "Do not ye judge them that are within?", He was saying the authority of the Christ's assembly is over those who have been united with it. It can judge them. Is not your jurisdiction as bondservant of Christ confined to those who are within the Christ's assembly, and professed members of it? Ought you not to exercise discipline there, and inflict punishment on its unworthy members? Do you not in fact thus exercise discipline, and separate from your assembly unworthy men; and ought it not to be done in this instance, and in reference to the offender in your assembly?
Paul also stated, "Them that are without, God will judge." The passing sentence on the heathen God hath reserved to Himself. The unconverted are left in the hands of God. He will judge them according to their deeds. We are not to seek to inflict punishment on them by shunning them, but rather to go to them in the love of Christ to try to lead them to repentance.
When Paul said, "Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person", this sentence of excommunication in language is taken from the Old Testament, where the like directions are given to the congregation of Israel, relative to a man found guilty of evil:
Deuteronomy 13:5, "So shalt thou put the evil away from the midst of thee."
Deuteronomy 17:7, "So thou shalt put the evil away from among you."
Deuteronomy 24:7, "and thou shalt put evil away from among you."
Discipline must be exercised in the Christ's assembly; without this it will soon differ but little from the wilderness of this world. If evil be tolerated, the work of God cannot prosper there. The passing sentence on brothers properly belongs to us. This is a summary order to execute discipline upon the incestuous offender. But those without the assembly properly belong to God to judge.
Just as in the Old Testament, God's children were to judge one another, those within their gates. As far as the stranger (gentile), they were to judge only those strangers within their gates, even though God's Law applied to all people, whether strangers or Jews (just as today, God's Law applies to all people, but our judgment is limited to those within our jurisdiction). If a Jew saw a gentile committing adultery outside the gates, they were not to stone him with stones, because God judges the gentiles outside the jurisdiction of His People. Likewise, bondservants of Christ are not to judge and take action against unbelievers who are outside our jurisdiction. But those who are within the gates of Jerusalem, including the gentiles who were sojourning among them, and God's children, they are to be judged by those within that community. That is still our duty today, to judge our brother, and take appropriate action against that brother.
Mankind's Limitations of Judgment
We are not to judge motives (1 Corinthians 4:1-5). Only God can see into the heart and know the motives that underlie actions, both good and evil.
We are also not to judge who is saved. "The Lord knoweth them that are His" (2 Timothy 2:19). We cannot look into anyone's heart and say whether or not they have accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour, if they profess that they have. But we had better test ourselves according to 2 Corinthians 5:17: "If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." If this change has not taken place, our profession is vain.
We are not to reprove a scorner or mocker, it'll only provoke a quarrel (Proverbs 9: . We should not reprove those who have an impure mind and swinish heart (Matthew 7:6), nor those who are full of pride, conceit, and so satisfied with their own wisdom (Matthew 15:14, Acts 5:38). Also, we should not speak in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words (Proverbs 23:9).
Elements in Judgment
The New Testament Greek word that is most often translated "judge" or "judgment" is "krino." On the one hand, it means to distinguish, to decide, to determine, to conclude, to try, to think and to call in question. That is what God wants His children to do as to whether preachers, teachers and their teachings are true or false to His Word.
Our brother Paul writes: "And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment; that ye may approve things that are excellent" (Philippians 1:9-10). A wrong idea of love and lack of knowledge and judgment causes God's people often to approve things that are anything but excellent in God's eyes. The epistle to the Hebrews tells us that mature believers, that is, those who are of "full age," "are those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil" (Hebrews 5:14).
On the other hand, the Greek word "krino" -- judge or judgment -- means to condemn, to sentence, and to punish. This is God's prerogative, for He has said, "Vengeance is Mine, I will repay, saith the Lord" (Romans 12:19).
Thus, the Christ's assembled ones are to exercise diligent discernment, but not vengeance.
Warnings to those who hate Rebuke
Proverbs 11:14, "They that have no guidance fall like leaves: but in much counsel there is safety."
Proverbs 12:1, "Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge: but he that hateth reproof is a fool."
Proverbs 13:1, "A wise son heareth his father's instruction: but a scorner heareth not rebuke."
Proverbs 27:5, "Open rebuke is better than secret love."
Guard against a wrong Attitude
All of God's children should watch against the tendency of the flesh to assume a critical and censorious attitude toward those who do not share our opinions about other matters than those which have to do with godly doctrine and righteous conduct as God has shown us. Rather than "pick to pieces" our brethren in Christ, it is our privilege and duty to do everything we can to encourage their spiritual upbuilding. We ought to love and pray for one another and consider ourselves lest we be tempted.
A Final Word
Let us not forget that "we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ" (2 Corinthians 5:10). It will be well with those who are studying God's Word, walking in the light of it, and living for Christ and the salvation of souls. It will go ill with those who have accepted Christ but who are living for the things of this world.
If you are a mere professor of Christ, or profess nothing, we must lovingly remind everyone that "judgment must begin at the house of God; and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the Gospel?" (1 Peter 4:17). We must not delay another moment to ask our Father for Christ's sake to forgive our sins. To surrender our heart and will to the loving Saviour who died for us. We must make Him the Lord of our whole life. Happy and blessed will we be, now and forever.
Revelation 3:19, "As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent."
-- Brother Richard