It seems not a lot happened in "the church" during the 1800's. I think the world was still growing and "getting settled".
And yet it was during this time the church struggled with
Synergism (theology) - Wikipedia Synergism
and
Monergism - Wikipedia Monergism.
During the late 1800's and early 1900's was when the "church" started seeing new theologies and what is typically
called "cults". The Jehovah's Witnesses and the Mormon churches were started during this time. There were many
others after them and continue on to this day.
Some of Christians of the "new world" started trying to get back to the basics of the church.
While Quakers and Shakers were known for being very conservative and staunch, they were also known
as "Holy Rollers". People who claimed to be "baptized in the Holy Spirit". There was a movement where these people
would literally start "shaking" or "quaking". This seemed to "die out" somewhat as the church became more
"Americanized".
This was restarted yet again in 1906 with "the Azusa street revival" .
Azusa Street Revival - Wikipedia
There have been several such "Holy Spirit" revivals through the last century.
Brownsville Revival - Wikipedia
The Assemblies of God, Foursquare, Hillsong and Vineyard churches all started through these Pentecostal revivals.
While these churches primarily started in America, they are now world wide with 10's of millions of members.
I am told the Hillsong church is now the largest church in Australia. In a way.. Australia is also considered "the new world".
The main thing that sets these churches apart from the traditional "old world" churches, is the belief that the gifts
of the Holy Spirit still apply in todays Christianity. Specifically those in 1 Cor 12:7-11;
The Pentecostal movement has caused splits in the church, as much as the Calvinist/Arminian movements before this.
As much as the Protestant reformation from the Roman Catholic church before this.
It seems the church has been in some form of conflict with itself even since the time of the Apostles. ( 1 Cor 1:12; )
..and now it seems the church as a whole is under attack again.
Liberalism has crept into the church. Homosexuality, antimonianism, and denying the deity of Christ has become popular
in many churches today. This also has caused church splits.
I have left a lot out. But this is the condensed version. I feel it covers most of the "major" movements in the church
over the last 17 centuries.