A. G. Garr
and the Pentecostal Revival
By Steve Thompson
Most people would agree that the church, as a whole, is in desperate need of revival. The real question is, "How do we obtain it?" In II Kings 13, God has hidden one of His strategies for resurrecting that which was alive and is now dead. "And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the band of Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, HE REVIVED, and stood on his feet." (II Kings 13:20,21 KJV).
When the dead body of this unnamed man came into contact with the bones of Elisha, he sprang back to life and stood on his feet! In the same way, as we uncover and "touch the bones" of the great heroes of faith who have preceded us, we can also be revived spiritually. One definition of bone is "the essence or core of something." The bones also contain the marrow, which produces the life-giving blood. Prophetically then, "touching the bones" speaks of discovering the essence of what produced the life and vigor of those who have preceded us in the faith. As we see these attributes of their lives and the results they produced, faith and hope will rise in our hearts, encouraging us to break out of our lifeless state.
Alfred Goodrich Garr is one whose bones we need to touch. He was reportedly the first white pastor of any denomination to be baptized in the Holy Spirit during the Azusa Street Revival. Like Elisha, he never stopped following the Lord until he also had obtained the "double portion." As one of the great visionaries and spiritual pioneers of the early 20th century, his influence has touched almost every church and spiritual movement that has arisen in this century, yet very few even know his name. Just as Elisha's bones were buried (or hidden from view) so it has proven strategic that Alfred Garr's testimony, although profound, has been concealed until our time. Now is the time for the church to "touch the bones" of this great man of God and receive new life as we discover the essence of his spiritual power and success.
Humble Beginnings
A. G. Garr was born in 1874 to a prominent family that had been quite wealthy until losing their fortune in the financial panic of 1860. Because of this he grew up in poverty. Later in life, Alfred acknowledged this loss of the family fortune as providential. Had it not occurred, he felt that his life would have been given to the practice of medicine or law. In our society, many who go on to accumulate great wealth are often birthed and formed in the crucible of poverty. Poverty seems to create a resolve and hunger in some people that drives them to succeed so that they never again experience deprivation. Often this is the case spiritually as well. Jesus, Himself, said that the kingdom of God belonged to the poor in spirit. The poor in spirit are blessed with a hunger compelling them to incessantly pursue God. Alfred Garr possessed this blessing-poverty of spirit-that motivated him to discover all of the riches found in Christ.
Spiritual Hunger
When he was only eight years old, Alfred's father passed away, leaving him and his mother alone. Although he was the youngest of four children, his closest sibling was sixteen years older than he and all of them had left home prior to their father's death.
Around this same time, revival meetings began in a Baptist church in their town and Alfred began a trend that would be repeated over the next several years. He was one of the first to go forward to the invitation given by the minister during the meetings. He was then baptized and joined the church, but came away unsatisfied by the experience. Compelled to encounter God and finding only forms and rituals, he came away more empty than before. This stirred within him an insatiable hunger for God that consumed the young man. At this tender age he vowed to never stop seeking God until he was certain that he had found Him.
When another revival meeting began in their town, Alfred again was the first one to respond to the invitation. His pastor was shocked. He questioned the young man on his behavior, explaining to him that he had already given his heart to Christ, been baptized and joined the church. The pastor tried to convince Alfred that his need had already been met. The eight year old lad replied to his pastor that he was "feeling after God." He realized that he had not yet found God and questioned the minister as to whether or not he had been baptized correctly. The minister, puzzled, rebaptized Alfred. As can be imagined, this did nothing to fill his longing heart. Alfred, possessing a child's honesty, still knew that he had not obtained peace with God.
He continued to confound friends and family in the intervening years as he sought the Lord with all of his energy. He tramped from one meeting to another searching after the Lord with his entire heart. He actually joined a number of the different churches in the area, and met with all of the ministers in that part of Kentucky, but he never obtained the depth of experience for which his soul cried out. Unbeknownst to him, God was cultivating a depth of heart within this young man that would never allow him to settle for empty theories over the reality of God's presence.
His mother, above all, could not understand his obsession of finding peace with God. In her own heart and mind he was already right with God; after all he had joined the church, been baptized and was an extremely conscientious and moral young man. She asked him why he was not contented since he was honest, moral and no longer played marbles for keeps (gambled). His reply was, "I am feeling after God." He continued to show a depth of heart and a drive that none of his spiritual leaders could comprehend. He was looking for an actual encounter with God Himself, not intellectual ideas or explanations.
While still in his early teens he traveled by train 700 miles to West Virginia where he heard they were having tremendous revival meetings. Arriving with high hopes of finding God at last, he once again came away empty. Those in attendance were stunned that someone, let alone a young boy, would traverse that distance in search of God. Alfred was told by the attending minister that he was "out from under the umbrella of God's protection, so the enemy was afflicting Him." This type of confusing religious advice greatly troubled the young seeker, and served as an impetus which compelled him later in life to present clear instruction for future seekers to whom he ministered.
Though most ministers neither understood, nor helped to satisfy his spiritual hunger, God, Himself, had made an appointment with this young man to fill his longing heart. Having given up on organized religion to answer the cry of his heart, he began to seek God during time alone in the countryside. While praying in the woods one day, God opened the young man's heart and filled it with His peace. Alfred Garr found God at the age of 15. He was so full of joy that he actually prayed to die declaring, "I am too happy to live!" But life had just begun for him. After such a long, and until then, fruitless search for God, Alfred was confident that he had found Him at last. No one could convince him otherwise. Well-meaning ministers and relatives had unknowingly placed many stumbling blocks in his path, attempting to placate his hunger with mere theories about God. But his Heavenly Father rewarded his perseverance. Later, when he came home, his mother knew instantly when she saw him that his quest was fulfilled. He actually radiated the life of God, having been filled as deeply as he had hungered. This is the first of the "bones" of Alfred Garr's life that we need to touch-his hunger for God.
Early Ministry
This young man who had so fervently sought God, would just as fervently seek to bring others to Him. He began to preach wherever he had an opportunity-at missions, schools, tents, street comers. Neither the size nor the venue mattered. His first meetings outside of his hometown were deep in the hills of Kentucky. His ministry there could not really be classified as preaching. He simply spoke a little, cried a little and prayed a little, and God was using him to change the entire community. Many were converted to Christ. The people were not impacted by his preaching style, or even the content of his message, but by the heart through which living waters were beginning to flow.
Even though he was enjoying success, Alfred still possessed his hunger for God. In his continued pursuit of God, he sought deeper instruction and training to fulfill his ministry. He soon enrolled at Center College in Kentucky. Later he transferred to Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky, where he met and married Lillian, the daughter of a Methodist bishop. After completing their studies at Asbury, Alfred and his wife traveled to Los Angeles, California, to pastor an independent church, aptly named to reflect the nature of this young pastor-Burning Bush Congregation.
The Fire Falls In Los Angeles
God was birthing a holy desperation among many in the church during the early years of the 20th Century. Soon after the Garrs arrived in Los Angeles, what would later become a historic revival began at 312 Bonney Brae Street. Moving to another location, this movement became known as the Azusa Street Revival, lead by William J. Seymour. Seymour was no great leader according to ecclesiastical standards. Indeed, he was a humble, one-eyed black man shunned from most ministry because of the racism in America at the turn of the century. He, like Alfred Garr, was primarily a man hungry for God. In the early years of the 20th century, Seymour had also been seeking for more of God. He was influenced by Charles Parham's Bible School in Topeka, Kansas, even though he had to sit outside the classroom door listening to the lessons, being banned from the school because of his race. Seymour was becoming desperate for a deeper experience of God. His own words describe this hunger:
Before I met Parham, such a hunger to have more of God was in my heart that I prayed for five hours a day for two and a half years. I got to Los Angeles, and there the hunger was not less but more. I prayed, "God, what can I do?" The Spirit said, "Pray more. There are better things to be had in spiritual life, but they must be sought out with faith and prayer." "But Lord, I am praying five hours a day now." I increased my hours of prayer to seven, and prayed on for a year and a half more. I prayed to God to give me what Parham had preached, the real Holy Ghost and fire with tongues and love and power of God like the apostles had.
Seymour, like Alfred Garr, was empowered by God primarily through the agency of his deep spiritual hunger.
Although he was now established as a pastor, Alfred's heart was not set on success; he continued seeking a deeper relationship with God. Had he not so hungered for God, he would have never found Him at Azusa Street Mission. Like every previous beginning to a new move of God, slander and innuendo were spreading everywhere concerning the activity of the Azusa Street meetings. The downtrodden facilities and the humble leaders dissuaded most of the other pastors in the city from even venturing to personally investigate what was happening there.
Alfred Garr was so hungry for God, that he did not even consider the price he would pay in lost reputation in order to continue pursuing God. He could not comprehend anyone caring more for their reputation than for experiencing God. He had already conquered this hurdle, confounding everyone who knew him by his single-minded pursuit of God, while only a small boy. He simply loved God so much that he never considered any earthly price too high to pay, when compared to the riches of Christ. Throughout his life, Alfred Garr maintained this devotion and it continually propelled him to the forefront of what God was doing in the earth. Like every great spiritual pioneer since Abraham, he believed God, and was willing to risk all to follow Him, never mindful of the country he had left behind. He began to earnestly seek the experience that the Azusa Street Mission leaders were preaching about-the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
Persecution With Grace
This insatiable spiritual hunger, and his association with the Azusa Street Mission did not please the board of Garr's Burning Bush congregation. The tension with the church board increased as their pastor tried to lead his flock into new and better pastures. One day as his congregation approached their building in anticipation of the worship service, they found their pastor standing on the front steps, doors locked, proclaiming to his people, "Do not attend here tonight. We do not have the power of God; let us go to Azusa Street Mission, where they are enjoying the presence of God." The people, fueled by his hunger and humility, followed him to the meeting.
This unprecedented action "crossed the line" with the church board and they asked the young pastor to resign. He did not take this personally, and even agreed to stay on until a replacement could arrive from Chicago. Garr's magnanimity proved that his was not an untempered zeal which precluded practicality or excluded compassion, but revealed the depth of his singleness of heart. He never concerned himself with judging those who did not share his hunger. Knowing that criticism never won a heart for Christ, he instead gave himself to the pursuit of God, confident that God would draw others in His timing.
The members of the church board were not the only ones that found his spiritual hunger distasteful-his wife threatened to leave him if he did not stop going to the meetings that she thought were fanatical. A cultured and refined woman, his wife had never been to the Azusa Street Mission, but had heard of the broken down building with its makeshift benches and pulpit. She actually packed her bags as she threatened to leave if he went to another meeting there. Instead of reacting harshly to her criticism, he persuaded her to join him at just one meeting, after which, if she still wished, she could leave him.
As they were walking down the aisle to their seats in the dilapidated little building, the power of the Holy Spirit came upon Lillian and she began worshipping and praising God. She was baptized in the Holy Spirit before she could protest to God or man. It is interesting to note that Alfred had not been baptized in the Holy Spirit himself when he led his wife into this meeting at Azusa Street. However, he genuinely rejoiced in her experience, but continued seeking the Lord for himself.
The grace that he had shown with his wife revealed another key to his extraordinary success in ministry. In many ways she represented the mindset of much of the church, then and now. Many consider God to be somber, distant, and easily angered, dwelling in cold, sterile cathedrals. Lillian was sincere about the things of God, but had trouble reconciling the awesome and somewhat untouchable Creator with the One who is "gentle and humble in heart," and who "associates with the lowly." Alfred did not pressure her to accept the validity of this experience or her need for it, but he patiently led her to the place where she could be touched by His own gentle hand. He knew that most who are truly touched by God are forever ruined for anything but Him. First with the church board, and now with his wife, Alfred showed extraordinary trust in allowing God to convict and change their lives. This represents another bone of his life that we need to touch-the grace to trust God with His people instead of manipulating them.
Later, when many of the new Pentecostal denominations and movements began to drift into legalistic extremes, prescribing certain conduct, dress, and lifestyles for those who received the Lord, Dr. Garr never wavered in his belief that God changes men from the inside out-not the outside in. A man who trusted God to change his wife, could also easily trust the Lord to change His people. Dr. Garr's method of ministry was always simply to infect people with his own great hunger for God, and then direct them to the Well of Living Water Himself.
and the Pentecostal Revival
By Steve Thompson
Most people would agree that the church, as a whole, is in desperate need of revival. The real question is, "How do we obtain it?" In II Kings 13, God has hidden one of His strategies for resurrecting that which was alive and is now dead. "And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the band of Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, HE REVIVED, and stood on his feet." (II Kings 13:20,21 KJV).
When the dead body of this unnamed man came into contact with the bones of Elisha, he sprang back to life and stood on his feet! In the same way, as we uncover and "touch the bones" of the great heroes of faith who have preceded us, we can also be revived spiritually. One definition of bone is "the essence or core of something." The bones also contain the marrow, which produces the life-giving blood. Prophetically then, "touching the bones" speaks of discovering the essence of what produced the life and vigor of those who have preceded us in the faith. As we see these attributes of their lives and the results they produced, faith and hope will rise in our hearts, encouraging us to break out of our lifeless state.
Alfred Goodrich Garr is one whose bones we need to touch. He was reportedly the first white pastor of any denomination to be baptized in the Holy Spirit during the Azusa Street Revival. Like Elisha, he never stopped following the Lord until he also had obtained the "double portion." As one of the great visionaries and spiritual pioneers of the early 20th century, his influence has touched almost every church and spiritual movement that has arisen in this century, yet very few even know his name. Just as Elisha's bones were buried (or hidden from view) so it has proven strategic that Alfred Garr's testimony, although profound, has been concealed until our time. Now is the time for the church to "touch the bones" of this great man of God and receive new life as we discover the essence of his spiritual power and success.
Humble Beginnings
A. G. Garr was born in 1874 to a prominent family that had been quite wealthy until losing their fortune in the financial panic of 1860. Because of this he grew up in poverty. Later in life, Alfred acknowledged this loss of the family fortune as providential. Had it not occurred, he felt that his life would have been given to the practice of medicine or law. In our society, many who go on to accumulate great wealth are often birthed and formed in the crucible of poverty. Poverty seems to create a resolve and hunger in some people that drives them to succeed so that they never again experience deprivation. Often this is the case spiritually as well. Jesus, Himself, said that the kingdom of God belonged to the poor in spirit. The poor in spirit are blessed with a hunger compelling them to incessantly pursue God. Alfred Garr possessed this blessing-poverty of spirit-that motivated him to discover all of the riches found in Christ.
Spiritual Hunger
When he was only eight years old, Alfred's father passed away, leaving him and his mother alone. Although he was the youngest of four children, his closest sibling was sixteen years older than he and all of them had left home prior to their father's death.
Around this same time, revival meetings began in a Baptist church in their town and Alfred began a trend that would be repeated over the next several years. He was one of the first to go forward to the invitation given by the minister during the meetings. He was then baptized and joined the church, but came away unsatisfied by the experience. Compelled to encounter God and finding only forms and rituals, he came away more empty than before. This stirred within him an insatiable hunger for God that consumed the young man. At this tender age he vowed to never stop seeking God until he was certain that he had found Him.
When another revival meeting began in their town, Alfred again was the first one to respond to the invitation. His pastor was shocked. He questioned the young man on his behavior, explaining to him that he had already given his heart to Christ, been baptized and joined the church. The pastor tried to convince Alfred that his need had already been met. The eight year old lad replied to his pastor that he was "feeling after God." He realized that he had not yet found God and questioned the minister as to whether or not he had been baptized correctly. The minister, puzzled, rebaptized Alfred. As can be imagined, this did nothing to fill his longing heart. Alfred, possessing a child's honesty, still knew that he had not obtained peace with God.
He continued to confound friends and family in the intervening years as he sought the Lord with all of his energy. He tramped from one meeting to another searching after the Lord with his entire heart. He actually joined a number of the different churches in the area, and met with all of the ministers in that part of Kentucky, but he never obtained the depth of experience for which his soul cried out. Unbeknownst to him, God was cultivating a depth of heart within this young man that would never allow him to settle for empty theories over the reality of God's presence.
His mother, above all, could not understand his obsession of finding peace with God. In her own heart and mind he was already right with God; after all he had joined the church, been baptized and was an extremely conscientious and moral young man. She asked him why he was not contented since he was honest, moral and no longer played marbles for keeps (gambled). His reply was, "I am feeling after God." He continued to show a depth of heart and a drive that none of his spiritual leaders could comprehend. He was looking for an actual encounter with God Himself, not intellectual ideas or explanations.
While still in his early teens he traveled by train 700 miles to West Virginia where he heard they were having tremendous revival meetings. Arriving with high hopes of finding God at last, he once again came away empty. Those in attendance were stunned that someone, let alone a young boy, would traverse that distance in search of God. Alfred was told by the attending minister that he was "out from under the umbrella of God's protection, so the enemy was afflicting Him." This type of confusing religious advice greatly troubled the young seeker, and served as an impetus which compelled him later in life to present clear instruction for future seekers to whom he ministered.
Though most ministers neither understood, nor helped to satisfy his spiritual hunger, God, Himself, had made an appointment with this young man to fill his longing heart. Having given up on organized religion to answer the cry of his heart, he began to seek God during time alone in the countryside. While praying in the woods one day, God opened the young man's heart and filled it with His peace. Alfred Garr found God at the age of 15. He was so full of joy that he actually prayed to die declaring, "I am too happy to live!" But life had just begun for him. After such a long, and until then, fruitless search for God, Alfred was confident that he had found Him at last. No one could convince him otherwise. Well-meaning ministers and relatives had unknowingly placed many stumbling blocks in his path, attempting to placate his hunger with mere theories about God. But his Heavenly Father rewarded his perseverance. Later, when he came home, his mother knew instantly when she saw him that his quest was fulfilled. He actually radiated the life of God, having been filled as deeply as he had hungered. This is the first of the "bones" of Alfred Garr's life that we need to touch-his hunger for God.
Early Ministry
This young man who had so fervently sought God, would just as fervently seek to bring others to Him. He began to preach wherever he had an opportunity-at missions, schools, tents, street comers. Neither the size nor the venue mattered. His first meetings outside of his hometown were deep in the hills of Kentucky. His ministry there could not really be classified as preaching. He simply spoke a little, cried a little and prayed a little, and God was using him to change the entire community. Many were converted to Christ. The people were not impacted by his preaching style, or even the content of his message, but by the heart through which living waters were beginning to flow.
Even though he was enjoying success, Alfred still possessed his hunger for God. In his continued pursuit of God, he sought deeper instruction and training to fulfill his ministry. He soon enrolled at Center College in Kentucky. Later he transferred to Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky, where he met and married Lillian, the daughter of a Methodist bishop. After completing their studies at Asbury, Alfred and his wife traveled to Los Angeles, California, to pastor an independent church, aptly named to reflect the nature of this young pastor-Burning Bush Congregation.
The Fire Falls In Los Angeles
God was birthing a holy desperation among many in the church during the early years of the 20th Century. Soon after the Garrs arrived in Los Angeles, what would later become a historic revival began at 312 Bonney Brae Street. Moving to another location, this movement became known as the Azusa Street Revival, lead by William J. Seymour. Seymour was no great leader according to ecclesiastical standards. Indeed, he was a humble, one-eyed black man shunned from most ministry because of the racism in America at the turn of the century. He, like Alfred Garr, was primarily a man hungry for God. In the early years of the 20th century, Seymour had also been seeking for more of God. He was influenced by Charles Parham's Bible School in Topeka, Kansas, even though he had to sit outside the classroom door listening to the lessons, being banned from the school because of his race. Seymour was becoming desperate for a deeper experience of God. His own words describe this hunger:
Before I met Parham, such a hunger to have more of God was in my heart that I prayed for five hours a day for two and a half years. I got to Los Angeles, and there the hunger was not less but more. I prayed, "God, what can I do?" The Spirit said, "Pray more. There are better things to be had in spiritual life, but they must be sought out with faith and prayer." "But Lord, I am praying five hours a day now." I increased my hours of prayer to seven, and prayed on for a year and a half more. I prayed to God to give me what Parham had preached, the real Holy Ghost and fire with tongues and love and power of God like the apostles had.
Seymour, like Alfred Garr, was empowered by God primarily through the agency of his deep spiritual hunger.
Although he was now established as a pastor, Alfred's heart was not set on success; he continued seeking a deeper relationship with God. Had he not so hungered for God, he would have never found Him at Azusa Street Mission. Like every previous beginning to a new move of God, slander and innuendo were spreading everywhere concerning the activity of the Azusa Street meetings. The downtrodden facilities and the humble leaders dissuaded most of the other pastors in the city from even venturing to personally investigate what was happening there.
Alfred Garr was so hungry for God, that he did not even consider the price he would pay in lost reputation in order to continue pursuing God. He could not comprehend anyone caring more for their reputation than for experiencing God. He had already conquered this hurdle, confounding everyone who knew him by his single-minded pursuit of God, while only a small boy. He simply loved God so much that he never considered any earthly price too high to pay, when compared to the riches of Christ. Throughout his life, Alfred Garr maintained this devotion and it continually propelled him to the forefront of what God was doing in the earth. Like every great spiritual pioneer since Abraham, he believed God, and was willing to risk all to follow Him, never mindful of the country he had left behind. He began to earnestly seek the experience that the Azusa Street Mission leaders were preaching about-the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
Persecution With Grace
This insatiable spiritual hunger, and his association with the Azusa Street Mission did not please the board of Garr's Burning Bush congregation. The tension with the church board increased as their pastor tried to lead his flock into new and better pastures. One day as his congregation approached their building in anticipation of the worship service, they found their pastor standing on the front steps, doors locked, proclaiming to his people, "Do not attend here tonight. We do not have the power of God; let us go to Azusa Street Mission, where they are enjoying the presence of God." The people, fueled by his hunger and humility, followed him to the meeting.
This unprecedented action "crossed the line" with the church board and they asked the young pastor to resign. He did not take this personally, and even agreed to stay on until a replacement could arrive from Chicago. Garr's magnanimity proved that his was not an untempered zeal which precluded practicality or excluded compassion, but revealed the depth of his singleness of heart. He never concerned himself with judging those who did not share his hunger. Knowing that criticism never won a heart for Christ, he instead gave himself to the pursuit of God, confident that God would draw others in His timing.
The members of the church board were not the only ones that found his spiritual hunger distasteful-his wife threatened to leave him if he did not stop going to the meetings that she thought were fanatical. A cultured and refined woman, his wife had never been to the Azusa Street Mission, but had heard of the broken down building with its makeshift benches and pulpit. She actually packed her bags as she threatened to leave if he went to another meeting there. Instead of reacting harshly to her criticism, he persuaded her to join him at just one meeting, after which, if she still wished, she could leave him.
As they were walking down the aisle to their seats in the dilapidated little building, the power of the Holy Spirit came upon Lillian and she began worshipping and praising God. She was baptized in the Holy Spirit before she could protest to God or man. It is interesting to note that Alfred had not been baptized in the Holy Spirit himself when he led his wife into this meeting at Azusa Street. However, he genuinely rejoiced in her experience, but continued seeking the Lord for himself.
The grace that he had shown with his wife revealed another key to his extraordinary success in ministry. In many ways she represented the mindset of much of the church, then and now. Many consider God to be somber, distant, and easily angered, dwelling in cold, sterile cathedrals. Lillian was sincere about the things of God, but had trouble reconciling the awesome and somewhat untouchable Creator with the One who is "gentle and humble in heart," and who "associates with the lowly." Alfred did not pressure her to accept the validity of this experience or her need for it, but he patiently led her to the place where she could be touched by His own gentle hand. He knew that most who are truly touched by God are forever ruined for anything but Him. First with the church board, and now with his wife, Alfred showed extraordinary trust in allowing God to convict and change their lives. This represents another bone of his life that we need to touch-the grace to trust God with His people instead of manipulating them.
Later, when many of the new Pentecostal denominations and movements began to drift into legalistic extremes, prescribing certain conduct, dress, and lifestyles for those who received the Lord, Dr. Garr never wavered in his belief that God changes men from the inside out-not the outside in. A man who trusted God to change his wife, could also easily trust the Lord to change His people. Dr. Garr's method of ministry was always simply to infect people with his own great hunger for God, and then direct them to the Well of Living Water Himself.